Starch

Starch is a carbohydrate found in a large number of plants. It is a polysaccharide that functions as a carbohydrate store and is an important component of the human diet. Starch is commonly found in foods like potatoes, rice, maize, wheat, and other cereals. It is composed of two types of molecules: amylose and amylopectin, both of which are polymers of glucose.

Uses of Starch:

Food Industry:

Thickening Agent: Starch is widely used as a thickener in foods such as soups, sauces, and gravies. When heated in water, starch granules swell and burst, releasing the starch molecules, which then form a network that traps water and creates a thickened consistency.
Baking: It provides structure in baking and is an essential ingredient in bread, cakes, and pastries.
Food Production: Starch is used in the production of foods like noodles, pasta, and snacks. It can also be used as a stabilizer, preventing the separation of ingredients in foods like salad dressings.

Textile Industry:

Starch is used in the textile industry as a sizing agent where it is applied to yarn before weaving to strengthen it, making it more robust and suitable for the weaving process.

Paper Industry:

In papermaking, starch is used to strengthen paper and to give it a better printing surface.

Biodegradable Plastics:

Starch-based bioplastics are an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastics. They are used in various products, including packaging materials and bags.

Pharmaceutical Industry:

Starch is used as a binder in tablets and as a disintegrant that helps tablets to break down in the body.

Cosmetics and Personal Care:

In cosmetics, starch is often used as a talcum powder substitute, and it's found in products like body powders and makeup.

Adhesives:

Starch can be used to make natural adhesives and glues.

Types of Starch:

Cornstarch: Derived from corn, used as a thickening agent.
Potato Starch: Extracted from potatoes, it's gluten-free and used in baking and as a thickener.
Tapioca Starch: Comes from the cassava root and is used in puddings and as a thickener.
Rice Starch: Derived from rice and used in Asian cooking and sweets.
Wheat Starch: Comes from wheat and is used in various culinary applications.

In summary, starch is a versatile carbohydrate used in many industries, particularly in food production for its thickening and stabilizing properties. Its functionality varies depending on its source and the method of its use.