Qatar

Qatar is a rich country with a modern, well—developed infrastructure. The main industries are oil and gas production, oil and gas processing, fertilizer production, steel, cement. Most of the industrial enterprises and services are owned by the state, but the volume of private investment in production is growing. Agriculture is poorly developed and provides only about 10% of food needs.

The population is also engaged in fishing (tuna, mackerel, sardines, horse mackerel, etc.) and pearl fishing. Since Qatar is experiencing a shortage of fresh water, almost all its needs are met by desalination of seawater on an industrial scale; desalination plants operate using energy obtained from the combustion of natural gas.

Qatar's economy is based on oil and gas production. This industry provides more than 55% of GDP, about 85% of export revenues and 70% of government revenues. The country, along with the United States and Australia, is one of the three largest LNG exporters in the world. The profits from the oil and gas industry have allowed Qatar to become a rich country with a modern, well-developed economic infrastructure and per capita income.

At the beginning of the 21st century, Qatar is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of natural gas. Qatar's LNG production capacity (for 2022) is 106 billion cubic meterы/year (77 million tons/year before regasification); S&P Global Platts believes that the country is able to increase production very slightly — up to 107 billion cubic meters/year.

Almost all of Qatar's LNG — up to 95% — is supplied under long-term contracts to Asian countries. An obstacle to supplies to the European market is also Qatar's requirement not to resell the supplied gas to countries outside Europe, which is contrary to EU law.

Agriculture is poorly developed and includes nomadic cattle breeding and pockets of agriculture and horticulture in oases; only in the northern regions, where groundwater comes close to the surface or reaches it, small areas of soils suitable for agriculture have been formed. Vegetables, fruits, dates, corn, millet are grown.

The length of highways in Qatar is 1,230 km (of which 1,107 are paved). They connect Qatar with Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

The total length of the oil and gas pipelines reaches 2050 km.

Most of the cargo transportation is accounted for by the merchant fleet, which consists of 22 vessels of different types (with a displacement of more than 1,000 gross registered tons each) with a total displacement of 525 thousand gross registered tons. The main ports are Umm Said and Doha.