India

India is a developing agro—industrial country with a developed industry, one of the top five countries in terms of GDP. A significant part of India's GDP is accounted for by large financial and industrial groups.

As of 2018, over 50% of India's population was employed in agriculture, its share in the country's GDP was 17-18%. India ranks second in the world in terms of agricultural production. It occupies leading positions in the world in the production of milk, legumes and jute, rice, wheat, sugar cane, peanuts, tea, fruits, vegetables and cotton, as well as cattle.

195 million hectares of land are cultivated, of which 70 million hectares are irrigated; India ranks first in the world in terms of the area of irrigated land, but agriculture still depends on precipitation brought by the monsoon. There are still great contrasts in the agriculture of India — large plantations are adjacent to small peasant farms, a third of the peasants do not have their own land at all.

Fishing is developed all along the coast of India, as well as in rivers, the main fishing state is Kerala. Sardines and mackerel predominate in the sea catch, carp predominate in freshwater. Aquaculture is developing rapidly, especially export-oriented shrimp farming.

Modern India has turned from a country of light and food industry into a country with a developed heavy industry. Industries such as the production of paper, fertilizers and cement are also developed.

By volume of production, the main products of the mining industry are iron ore and ferroalloys (manganese and chromium). There are also significant reserves of bauxite (aluminum ore), gold, zinc and lead.

Rare earth elements: In the 2020s, New Delhi went (similar to China) to expand commercial production of zirconium, lithium, tantalum, beryllium, niobium and titanium, while limiting the export of these metals, which have become strategic.

Coal is extracted primarily from non-metallic minerals. Limestone, dolomite, phosphates, building stone are also mined, there are diamond deposits.

Oil production plays a significant role, but India alone provides only about 30% of the demand for oil and gas and is forced to import them, mainly from the Persian Gulf countries.

In 2018, India reached the 2nd place in the world in steelmaking, although it is inferior to China.

India ranks first in the production of tractors, second in buses and third in trucks. Investments are being made in aircraft construction, space equipment is being produced.

By volume of production, India's chemical industry is the 6th largest in the world. About 80 thousand names of chemical compounds are produced in the country. One of the main industries is agrochemistry (insecticides, pesticides and herbicides), the production of flavorings and food additives, plastics, synthetic rubber, fertilizers is also developed. India accounts for 16% of the world's production of dyes.

The pharmaceutical industry of India is the third largest in the world in terms of production (but only the 14th in terms of value), it employs 3 thousand companies, with a total of 10.5 thousand enterprises.

The main branch of light industry is the textile industry, which uses domestic raw materials — India is the world's largest producer of cotton and jute, the second largest in silk, and the production of woolen fabrics and synthetic fibers is also significant.

India is the undisputed world leader in diamond cutting, 60% of the world's diamonds are processed in India. About 100 thousand enterprises, mainly family-type, work in this industry. In addition to diamond cutting, other precious stones are processed and jewelry is made, India is among the largest importers of gold and exporters of jewelry.

India's energy consumption remains one of the highest in the world. Coal and oil together account for 85% of India's energy consumption. Oil production in India covers only 15% of the consumption of petroleum products in the country. In terms of the development of the nuclear industry, India is a leader in the developing world.

The service sector is the dominant one in India's economy today. The most demanded and dynamically developing were financial services, business services, transport, warehouse and communication services. As a result of globalization, India has gained advantages for the development of the offshore programming industry.

Export items: clothing, chemicals, automobiles, petroleum products, cut diamonds, pharmaceuticals, frozen shrimp. Export Partners: USA, UAE, China, Singapore, UK, Hong Kong

Import items: oil, liquefied gas, rough diamonds, gold, coal, scrap metal. Import partners: China, USA, Switzerland.