Greece

Greece is an industrial and agrarian country. The main industries are petrochemical, tourism, food and tobacco, mining, paper, cement, metallurgical. Electrical engineering, some types of mechanical engineering, and the production of building materials are developing. Transport: road (carries out 60% of all domestic freight and passenger traffic), rail is poorly developed, sea (30% of domestic and 90% of external freight and passenger traffic), air.

Imports: machinery and equipment, oil and petroleum products, mineral raw materials, consumer goods, food (mainly Italy, Germany, USA, France). Exports: raw materials — bauxite, nickel, manganese, agricultural products — tobacco, textiles, olive oil, vegetables, fruits, canned products, cereals (mainly Germany, USA, Italy, Great Britain).

Commodity agriculture is insufficiently developed due to a lack of fertile soils, a small amount of precipitation per year, and an inefficient land tenure system (it is based on small farms). About 30% of Greece's land is arable. Only in the valleys of Thessaly, Thrace and Macedonia is large-scale production possible. Wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, cotton and tobacco are grown here. Greece is the leader among the EU countries in the production of the last two crops.

Gardening and vegetable growing are well developed. Olives are grown (most of them are immediately processed into olive oil), grapes, melons, peaches, oranges, tomatoes. Greece exports citrus and melon crops to EU countries.

The industry of Greece is disproportionately developed by industry structure and is unevenly located on the territory of the country. The light and food industries are the most developed. Industry employs 21% of the working population.

Bauxite, pyrite, nickel ores, and magnesite are being mined. The largest emery deposit in the world is located on the island of Naxos.

There are enterprises of machine-building, petrochemical and woodworking industries. Priority development was given to the textile, food industries and the production of building materials.

The largest part of foreign exchange earnings is still provided by shipping, the most important branch of the Greek economy.

The total reserves of recoverable energy resources of Greece are estimated at 0.546 billion tons, of which 99.2% is coal. In 2016, the share of hydroelectric power plants in total energy production was 24.5%.

The share of renewable energy sources, except hydroelectric power plants, in the total final energy production was 24.5% in 2016.