Great Britain (United Kingdom)

The leading sector of the British economy is the service sector (3/4 of GDP). The leading position in it is occupied by its financial sector (27.7% of GDP), which determines the country's specialization in the system of international economic relations. Britain carries out 10% of the world's exports of services — banking, insurance, brokerage, advisory, as well as in the field of computer programming.

The second most important branch of the British economy — industry (18.6% of GDP) is represented by two sub-sectors: mining (2.2% of GDP) and manufacturing (14.7% of GDP). Mechanical engineering and transport, industrial goods and chemicals are the main UK exports.

Agriculture, which meets about 2/3 of domestic food needs, accounts for only 1% of GDP, construction (6.1%).

The country imports 6 times more manufactured goods than raw materials. Its most significant exporter is the United States. Seven of the top ten suppliers of goods to the UK are EU countries.

UK agriculture is one of the most productive and mechanized in the world. The total area of agricultural land is 17.2 million hectares, which is about 71% of the country's territory, including 45% pastures, 25% arable land; forests have been preserved on 12% of the UK territory.

Despite the island position of the UK, fishing is of little importance, providing only half of the consumption of fish and seafood in the country. Trout and salmon breeding is developed in estuaries of rivers.

More than 20% of the UK's foreign trade is accounted for by mineral raw materials, imports significantly exceed exports.

There are 133 known oil fields in the British sector of the North Sea with proven reserves of 2 billion tons and recoverable reserves of 0.7 billion tons, which is about 1/3 of the shelf reserves. More than 80 gas fields with proven reserves of 2 trillion m3 and recoverable reserves of 0.8 trillion m3 have been discovered in the British zone of the North Sea.

The UK chemical industry accounts for 2% of GDP and 10% of industrial production. The most important are oil refining and petrochemicals, the production of paint and varnish products and pharmaceuticals, to a lesser extent the production of fertilizers.

As of 2022, the UK ranked 17th in the world and 6th in Europe in terms of the number of cars produced, 25 auto manufacturers worked here, 775 thousand passenger cars and 102 thousand trucks and buses were produced during the year, as well as 1.51 million engines.

The UK aerospace industry is the second largest in the world after the USA. It is mainly export—oriented, the main products are military aircraft, aircraft engines, small planes, helicopters, spacecraft.

Great Britain is one of the most economically developed countries in the world and it is home to the world's largest financial and trade centers (London, Liverpool, Glasgow), well—known scientific centers (London, Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh).