Georgia

Georgia's economy is a developing free market economy.

The main minerals in Georgia are manganese ores, coal, copper ores. The Chiatura manganese deposit is located in the west of Georgia — the largest deposit of manganese ores in the territory of the former USSR. The volume of proven reserves is 160 million tons of ore. The Madneuli deposit of polymetallic ores is located in the south of Georgia. Its reserves amount to 60 million tons.

About 16% of Georgia's territory is suitable for agriculture. Most of the agricultural products in Georgia are now produced on household plots and in farms. An important branch of agriculture in Georgia is the production of hazelnuts.

Exports of agricultural products from Georgia in 2021 reached $ 1.1 billion, which is 124% higher than in 2012. The export of Georgian wine, chacha, brandy and other alcoholic beverages brought in $400 million in revenue. The volume of fresh fruit exports amounted to $213 million, including $26 million worth of tangerines, and $29 million worth of peaches and nectarines. The volume of exports of fresh vegetables amounted to $ 28 million. These are mainly potatoes (17 million), greens (4 million) and tomatoes (3 million). The export of mineral waters amounted to $ 142 million.

The most important industries of Georgia are: food and light industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. The main growth of the industry is provided by the food industry, the extraction of metal ores (mainly manganese), as well as the production of metal and non-metallic products. The total share of these industries in the structure of industrial production (excluding energy) in 2005 was 76%.

The food industry of Georgia is based mainly on the processing of agricultural raw materials — tea, essential oil crops, tobacco products, canned vegetables and fruit, hazelnuts are produced.

The largest chemical industry enterprise in Georgia is the Azot Plant in Rustavi. It produces nitrogen fertilizers, chemical fibers, paint products, etc. In Georgia, cement, silicate bricks and other building materials are produced on the basis of local resources.

The electric power industry is a key sector of the Georgian economy. At the same time, hydropower is an essential subsystem of the Georgian electric power complex. In 2018, according to UNSD data, electricity production at the HPP amounted to 9949 million kWh, or almost 82% of total production. Georgia's electric power industry is based on three thermal and six hydroelectric power plants.

The main import items are fuel, vehicles, equipment, grain and other food products, pharmaceuticals.

In 2018, the volume of Georgia's foreign trade increased to $12.5 billion. Exports from Georgia amounted to 3.4 billion dollars, imports to Georgia amounted to 9.1 billion dollars. Turkey is the largest foreign trade partner.